Cyber Security New Law - 1719 Words

Cyber Security: New laws in United States and Their Impact Throughout the United States today there are many attempted hacks going on right now, most unsuccessful, but some are successful. Major businesses as well as minor businesses have had to invest in a good security systems and making backups of data to protect themselves, as well as their clients, from attempted hacking and the risk of sensitive information being leaked out ( such as social security or credit card numbers). As a result, there needed to be more action taken up against hackers, which brought up the demand for laws and regulations. New cyber security laws are being passed to stop or trace hackers back to their initial roots. However, these new laws, invade citizen’s†¦show more content†¦As stated, this type of attack is designed to cause chaos, picture this type of attack on the NYSE on Wall Street, the effects of it would be felt globally. Finally, there’s cyber-crime itself, which is when a user knowingly exploits data or information flows (Vaseas hta 3). This kind of crime is more for minor cases, for example illegally downloading music or videos goes into this category. Spurred by the massive hacking attacks on companies and offices such as Anthem, Sony, and the Office of Personnel Management, the Senate decided to take action. On October 27, Senate passed the CISA or Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act. This act is â€Å"designed to [stop] corporate data breaches by allowing companies to share cybersecurity threat date with Department of Homeland Security [and then] pass it on other agencies. . . who in theory use it to defend the target company and others facing similar attacks† (Greenberg). CISA addresses the issue of attempting to stop hacks on major companies by giving the information of customers to Homeland Security, who then gives that information to an agency such as NSA or the FBI to investigate. Now, what’s wrong with this? Greenberg states that privacy advocates and civil liberties groups view C ISA as an easy way for companies to monitor clients and share their client’s information with the government agencies without permission. Greenberg continues on to say that security companies dislike this because they

Discuss expectancy effects in research Free Essays

Psychological experimentation is a process aimed to prove that certain types of behavior are predictable under particular situations or treatment conditions. These treatment conditions are manipulated in such a way that the setting created by the experimenters will invoke participants to display behavior towards the independent variable in regularity. This, in turn, will verify the experimenters’ hypotheses regarding the behavior in question. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss expectancy effects in research or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hence, through experimentation, causal inferences between the independent and dependent variables can be reached. However, experimentations do not always go as planned. There are times when experimenters overlook various factors that may wrongly or unnecessarily affect the results of the experiment. These factors are known as extraneous variables, variables that are not the main focus of the study yet may produce variations in behavior. When extraneous variables become frequent and change systematically across different conditions of an experiment, results can be confounded. One of the more popularly known consequences of extraneous variables is the Placebo Effect. Hansen and Myers (2002) explain that this is a type of social extraneous variable wherein participants react to the independent variable according to how they expect the independent variable to affect them (p. 196). Since the behavior of the participants is based on their expected effects, changes that occur may less likely be due to the independent variable. This indeed lowers the internal validity, thereby causing the results of the study to be invalid and inaccurate. In other circumstances, the experimenters are exactly the ones creating venues for extraneous variables to affect experimentations. Like the Placebo effect’s consequence, Experimenter Effect decreases internal validity in such a way that the extraneous variable causes changes in the dependent variable, not the independent variable of the experiment. This happens when the experimenters behave in a certain manner when dealing with participants (Hansen Myers, 2002, p. 198). This may trigger participants to respond in a particular way between or among treatment conditions in order to fulfill the experimenters’ non-verbal cues. Fortunately, this effect may be controlled through a method called Double-blind experiment, say Hansen and Myer. This technique—when combined with consistency of instructions and processes, and objectivity of observations—can prevent the decrease in internal validity for both the experimenters and participants are not aware or are â€Å"blinded† with regard to the treatment condition they are handling or partaking, respectively (2002, p. 02). Since both parties have no idea on the nature of the treatment conditions they are assigned to, no bias or extraneous variables shall therefore arise and results produced shall be correct. For instance, it is deemed that caffeine keeps individuals alert and awake. This may be further tested through an experiment, with a hypothesis which states that caffeine can improve night driving for tired drives. The independent variable here is the presence or absence of caffeine in the coffee drank by the participants while the dependent variable is their performance in a car-racing video game, specifically their recorded speed after three laps. In order for both the experimenters and the participants to respond without bias, the Double-blind Method can be applied. Given that coffee does ward off drowsiness and stimulate attentiveness, what remains to be critical is the effect of caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee on performance. Since the participants do not actually know if the coffee they are to drink has caffeine in it or not, they cannot behave based on what they think is expected from them. Likewise, the experimenters shall not be able to give indications or implications regarding the nature of the treatment condition the participants are in since they are also unaware of this. Thus, if the participants performed better subsequent to drinking caffeinated coffee or vice versa, experimenters will be sure that the presence or absence of coffee is responsible for this and not an extraneous variable. How to cite Discuss expectancy effects in research, Essays

Elements Of Visual Arts Essay Paper Example For Students

Elements Of Visual Arts Essay Paper Orange is the color of social communication and optimism. From a negative color meaning it is also a sign of pessimism and superficiality. Yellow is the color of the mind and the intellect. It is optimistic and cheerful, However it can also suggest impatience, criticism and cowardice. Green is the color of balance and growth. It can mean both self-reliance as a positive and possessiveness as a negative, among many other meanings. Blue is the color Of trust and peace. It can suggest loyalty and integrity as well as conservatism and frigidity. Purple is the color f the imagination, It can be creative and individual or immature and impractical. Pink unconditional love and nurturing. Pink can also be immature, silly and girlish brown is a friendly yet serious, down-to-earth color that relates to security, protection, comfort and material wealth. White is color at its most complete and pure, the color of perfection, The color meaning towhee is purity, innocence, wholeness and com lotion. Black is the color of the hidden, the secretive and the unknown, creating an air of mystery. It keeps things bottled up inside, hidden from the world.